General Studies Test Paper : History of Civilisation

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The history of civilization spans thousands of years and encompasses the development of human societies and cultures around the world. Here are some key events and civilizations that played significant roles in shaping our world:

Ancient Civilizations: The earliest known civilizations emerged in Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq) and Egypt around 3000 BCE. Other significant ancient civilizations include the Indus Valley Civilization in South Asia, the Shang Dynasty in China, and the Minoan civilization in Greece.
Classical Civilizations: The classical period refers to the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. These societies made significant contributions to philosophy, art, architecture, and politics.
Medieval Europe: The Middle Ages were a period of significant social, political, and cultural change in Europe. The period saw the rise of Christianity and the development of feudalism.
The Renaissance: The Renaissance was a period of intellectual and cultural rebirth in Europe that began in Italy in the 14th century. The movement led to significant advancements in art, literature, and science.
The Age of Exploration: During the 15th and 16th centuries, European explorers discovered new lands and established colonies around the world, leading to significant changes in global trade and commerce.
The Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution began in the late 18th century in Great Britain and marked a shift from manual labor to machine-based production. The revolution had significant social and economic implications and led to the development of modern capitalism.
Modern Era: The 20th century saw significant advancements in technology and communication, including the rise of the internet and the development of nuclear weapons. The era also saw significant social and political change, including the civil rights movement and the fall of the Soviet Union.